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Early detection of cerebral palsy in community settings: current state and a pathway forward

Nathalie L Maitre1, Kaniska S Baduni2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Seminars in Perinatology
|September 14, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Early detection of cerebral palsy (CP) is crucial in the first year of life using tools like the General Movements Assessment (GMA). Strengthening community health pathways ensures timely diagnosis and improves outcomes for children with CP globally.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Early detection of cerebral palsy (CP) is vital for optimal child development and management.
  • Current diagnostic practices and surveillance systems vary significantly between high-income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
  • Delayed diagnosis negatively impacts families, leading to reduced empowerment and increased mental health challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the necessity and methods for early CP detection in community settings worldwide.
  • To identify barriers and facilitators for implementing early diagnostic pathways in diverse healthcare systems.
  • To emphasize the importance of caregiver involvement and trust in early detection services.

Main Methods:

  • Review of evidence-based diagnostic tools, including the General Movements Assessment (GMA) and Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE).
  • Analysis of primary care surveillance strategies and motor 'red flags' in HICs.
  • Assessment of clinical capability versus health system reach barriers in LMICs.

Main Results:

  • Early diagnosis within the first year of life is feasible using validated tools.
  • Uneven uptake of surveillance in HICs and limited health system reach in LMICs are key challenges.
  • Clinicians in LMICs show high diagnostic accuracy when tools are accessible.

Conclusions:

  • Establishing reliable community-based pathways for early CP detection is essential.
  • Integration of surveillance, referral networks, provider training, and policy support is critical.
  • Strengthening these pathways improves participation, reduces comorbidity, and enhances well-being for children with CP and their families.

Keywords:
Cerebral palsyCommunity surveillanceEarly detection

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