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Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.
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Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
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Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
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The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
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The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
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Chirality-Induced Split Personality in Polymer with Intrinsic Microporosity-Based Artificial Ion Channels.

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Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|September 15, 2025
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Summary

Researchers developed novel chiral polymers for artificial ion channels. These polymers show tunable ion transport, with one type excelling in lithium transport and others in anion transport, advancing membrane science.

Keywords:
Artificial ion channelsChiral inductionChiral microporous polymersSupramolecular chemistryTransmembrane transport

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Membrane Transport
  • Materials Chemistry

Background:

  • Artificial transmembrane ion channels are crucial for understanding and manipulating membrane transport.
  • Polymers offer a versatile platform for constructing synthetic ion channels.
  • Chirality in polymers can influence their self-assembly and transport properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize intrinsically microporous chiral polyimides (PIM-PIs) for artificial ion channel applications.
  • To investigate the impact of different chiral building blocks on ion transport characteristics.
  • To explore the potential of these chiral PIM-PIs as multifunctional artificial ion channel systems.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of chiral polyimides using trans/cis-1,2-diaminocyclohexanes (DACH) isomers.
  • Characterization of polymer structures and properties.
  • Measurement of ion transport activity and selectivity across membranes.

Main Results:

  • Chiral polymer 1 (cis-DACH derived) exhibited high Li+ transport activity (>100 pS) and selectivity for Li+/Na+ (17.1) and Li+/K+ (21.8).
  • Chiral polymers 2a and 2b ((1R,2R)-DACH and (1S,2S)-DACH derived) showed significant anion transport, with a high Cl-/K+ selectivity ratio of 17.6.
  • The study demonstrated a "split personality" in ion transport behavior controlled by the polymer's chiral constituents.

Conclusions:

  • Introduced a novel class of multifunctional, chiral PIM-based artificial ion channels.
  • Demonstrated the first application of chiral polymers in transmembrane transport.
  • Highlighted the potential for designing advanced polymer-based artificial ion channels by controlling chirality.