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Drug Delivery: Overview

Drug Delivery: Overview

The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection, and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...

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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery and Immunotherapy

Author Spotlight: Advancements in Nanoparticle Technology for Drug Delivery and Immunotherapy

Published on: November 10, 2023

Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems: Current Advances and Future Directions.

Mannat Mittal¹, Shreya Juneja¹, Neelesh Pandey¹

¹Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.

Current Drug Targets

|September 15, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Nanotechnology enhances drug delivery through nanoparticles, improving treatment effectiveness and overcoming resistance. This approach offers targeted delivery, reduced toxicity, and new options for neurological disorders.

Keywords:

Nanoparticles biomedical applications controlled release drug delivery drug resistance nanomedicine targeted therapy

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science
Pharmacology

Background:

Conventional drug delivery faces limitations in efficacy and targeted action.
Drug resistance and off-target toxicity hinder therapeutic outcomes.
Nanoparticles offer novel solutions to these challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems.
To highlight the role of nanotechnology in enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
To explore the potential of nanomedicine in overcoming drug resistance and treating complex diseases.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on nanoparticle types (lipid-based, polymer-based, inorganic, biological).
Analysis of nanoparticle properties: solubility, stability, targeted delivery, controlled release.
Examination of nanomedicine applications in cancer therapy and neurological disorders.

Main Results:

Nanoparticles improve drug solubility, stability, and enable targeted, controlled release.
Precise delivery minimizes off-target effects and toxicity, crucial for cancer therapy.
Nanomedicine facilitates crossing biological barriers like the blood-brain barrier, aiding neurological treatments.
Co-encapsulation supports combination therapies, combating drug resistance.

Conclusions:

Nanotechnology in drug delivery revolutionizes therapeutics, offering safer and more effective treatments.
Nanomedicine holds significant promise for personalized medicine and addressing unmet clinical needs.
Continued interdisciplinary research is essential to fully realize the potential of nanomedicine.