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π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

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An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0,...
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Using Microwave and Macroscopic Samples of Dielectric Solids to Study the Photonic Properties of Disordered Photonic Bandgap Materials
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Anomalous In-Plane Anisotropic Harmonic Generation in Few-Layer PdSe2.

Xiang Zhang1, Zhou Deng2, Leyi Zhao1

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China.

ACS Nano
|September 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored nonlinear optical effects in palladium diselenide (PdSe2) layers. They found distinct polarization behaviors in bilayer and four-layer PdSe2, enabling control of harmonic generation for advanced photonic devices.

Keywords:
PdSe2in-plane anisotropypolarization controlsecond- and third-harmonic generationtwo-dimensional material

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optics
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Anisotropic nonlinear optical effects in 2D materials are key for photonic devices.
  • Understanding layer-dependent properties is crucial for device design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate layer-dependent anisotropic second-harmonic generation (SHG) and third-harmonic generation (THG) in palladium diselenide (PdSe2).
  • Explore the potential for controlling nonlinear optical responses in 2D materials.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of SHG and THG in few-layer PdSe2.
  • Tuning pump polarization and analyzing SHG orientation and ellipticity.
  • Comparative analysis of THG amplitude with other 2D materials like molybdenum disulfide.

Main Results:

  • Bilayer PdSe2 shows 4-fold symmetric polar response; four-layer PdSe2 exhibits a dumbbell-shaped polar pattern.
  • Pronounced differences in SHG polarization orientation and ellipticity observed between bilayer and four-layer samples.
  • Four-layer PdSe2 demonstrates strong coupling between SHG polarization and excitation ellipticity, yielding orthogonal orientations for circular polarizations.
  • Significant layer-dependent THG anisotropy observed, with bilayer PdSe2 showing over 60-fold higher THG amplitude than monolayer MoS2.

Conclusions:

  • PdSe2 exhibits unique layer-dependent nonlinear optical anisotropy.
  • Intrinsic anisotropy allows direct control of SHG polarization via pump pulses.
  • Findings advance the design of ultracompact nonlinear optical devices with tailored polarization properties.