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Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...

Coordination Number and Geometry

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Microfabrication of Nanoporous Gold Patterns for Cell-material Interaction Studies

Microfabrication of Nanoporous Gold Patterns for Cell-material Interaction Studies

Published on: July 15, 2013

Patterned Binary Assembly of Polymer-Grafted Gold Nanoparticles at Liquid-Air Interfaces.

Guoqiang Han¹, Dengwen Hu¹, Lingyi Zhou¹

¹Key Lab of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion & Storage (HUST) of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Materials Chemistry and Service Failure, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|September 15, 2025

Summary

Precise control over binary polymer-grafted nanoparticle (PGNP) co-assembly at liquid interfaces is now possible. Adjusting nanoparticle core size and polymer ligand length yields tunable 2D nanocomposites with diverse structures.

Keywords:

binary nanoparticles co‐assembly interfacial assembly polymer ligand segregated structure

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Fabrication of Periodic Gold Nanocup Arrays Using Colloidal Lithography

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Polymer Science

Background:

Interfacial self-assembly of polymer-grafted nanoparticles (PGNPs) is a key method for creating 2D nanocomposites.
Co-assembly of binary PGNPs at liquid interfaces enables diverse structures but lacks precise control.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically investigate the interfacial assembly behavior of binary PGNPs.
To achieve precise control over the structures formed during binary PGNP co-assembly.

Main Methods:

Investigated binary PGNP interfacial assembly by varying nanoparticle core size and polymer ligand length.
Analyzed the influence of interfacial mobility and affinity on assembly structures.

Main Results:

Developed a method to obtain 2D nano-discs with tunable segregation structures.
Demonstrated that differences in interfacial mobility and affinity dictate assembly outcomes.

Conclusions:

Successfully advanced PGNP interfacial co-assembly technology.
Established a refined and reliable micro-nano fabrication methodology for 2D nanocomposites.