Study on serum tRF-30-RRJ89O9NF5W8 as a potential biomarker for clinical diagnosis of gastric cancer

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In this study, our objective was to identify a specific tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) as a biomarker for GC. We developed and validated a methodology to detect the expression level of tRF-30-RRJ89O9NF5W8 in the serum of GC patients. The results showed that the expression of tRF-30-RRJ89O9NF5W8 was significantly downregulated in the serum of GC patients and increased after radical surgery. Clinicopathological correlation analysis revealed that its expression level was closely associated with TNM stage, T stage, and neural/vascular invasion. Compared with existing GC diagnostic markers, tRF-30-RRJ89O9NF5W8 demonstrated superior diagnostic performance, effectively distinguishing GC patients from those with gastritis and healthy controls. These findings suggest that tRF-30-RRJ89O9NF5W8 may serve as a promising candidate diagnostic biomarker for GC and provide theoretical support for its potential as a therapeutic target.