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Related Concept Videos

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

3D Imaging of Soft-Tissue Samples using an X-ray Specific Staining Method and Nanoscopic Computed Tomography
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Dynamic laboratory x-ray phase-contrast microtomography with structure-based prior regularisation.

Harry Allan1,2, Tom Partridge1, Joseph Jacob3,4

  • 1Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom.

Measurement Science & Technology
|September 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a faster X-ray microtomography technique using phase-contrast imaging and iterative reconstruction. This method achieves high contrast and temporal resolution, enabling dynamic 4D imaging of samples like wood structures.

Keywords:
4D imagingiterative reconstructiontomographyx-ray phase-contrast

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Imaging Technology
  • Physics

Background:

  • X-ray microtomography is crucial for 3D structural analysis of optically thick samples.
  • Its adaptation for 4D imaging allows monitoring dynamic processes under external stimuli.
  • Limited x-ray flux at laboratory sources poses a challenge for high-resolution dynamic imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance contrast and temporal resolution in laboratory-based X-ray microtomography.
  • To enable non-destructive, time-resolved 3D imaging of dynamic systems.
  • To overcome limitations of conventional X-ray imaging for dynamic samples.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized free-space propagation phase-contrast imaging for contrast enhancement.
  • Implemented iterative reconstruction with structure-based priors from reference scans.
  • Achieved high contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) improvements through combined techniques.

Main Results:

  • Phase-contrast imaging increased CNR by 5.8x.
  • The combined approach yielded a 29.2x CNR improvement over conventional methods.
  • Enabled dynamic X-ray microtomography with 9-second temporal resolution at 10.5 μm voxel size.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method significantly improves dynamic X-ray microtomography capabilities.
  • Demonstrated the technique's effectiveness by imaging waterfront movement in a wooden skewer.
  • This advancement opens new possibilities for studying rapid processes in various materials.