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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

4.4K
The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
4.4K
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  11. Intraoperative Applications Of Artificial Intelligence For Augmented Parathyroid Gland Recognition: A Narrative Review

Intraoperative applications of artificial intelligence for augmented parathyroid gland recognition: a narrative review

Alexis Korman1, Kepal N Patel1

  • 1Division of Endocrine Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.

Gland Surgery
|September 15, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
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Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

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Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
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Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy

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Identification and Protection of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy
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Identification and Protection of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy

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View abstract on PubMed

Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial intelligence (AI) can improve parathyroid gland recognition during surgery, aiding surgeons in identifying glands and potentially reducing complications like hypoparathyroidism. AI models show promise, outperforming junior surgeons and matching senior ones.

Area of Science:

  • Surgical Innovation
  • Medical Imaging
  • Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • Intraoperative parathyroid gland recognition is crucial for thyroid and parathyroid surgery to prevent hypocalcemia.
  • Current visual identification methods have limitations, and newer techniques like NIR autofluorescence and ICG have steep learning curves.
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) offers potential to enhance parathyroid gland identification accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of AI applications for intraoperative parathyroid gland recognition.
  • To summarize AI's role in improving identification rates and reducing postoperative hypoparathyroidism.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed using keywords: "artificial intelligence", "deep learning", "surgery", "parathyroid gland".
Keywords:
Parathyroid glandartificial intelligence (AI)intraoperative localization

Related Experiment Videos

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
07:12

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Published on: August 17, 2022

4.7K
Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
08:06

Mixed Reality Assisted Radical Endoscopic Thyroidectomy

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Identification and Protection of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy
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Identification and Protection of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy

Published on: October 24, 2025

401
  • Eleven studies focusing on intraoperative AI applications for parathyroid gland recognition were included.
  • Studies utilized various imaging techniques including NIR autofluorescence, visual recognition, and dual-RGB/NIR systems.

    • Main Results:

    • AI models were applied to identify parathyroid glands from surrounding tissues and to differentiate normal from abnormal glands.
    • AI model performance metrics showed recall scores from 50-95% and precision scores from 72-94%.
    • AI models outperformed junior surgeons and performed comparably to senior surgeons in gland recognition tasks.

    Conclusions:

    • AI augmentation shows promise in improving intraoperative parathyroid gland recognition accuracy across different methods.
    • While not yet widely available, AI integration could enhance gland recognition, especially in lower-volume centers and for less experienced surgeons.
    • AI has the potential to decrease rates of postoperative hypoparathyroidism.