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A Cross Sectional Study on the Risk Perceptions and Barriers towards Smoking Cessation in a Rural Setting in Goa.

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Many Indian adult smokers want to quit tobacco use, but nicotine dependence and depression create barriers. Previous quit attempts and younger age increase willingness to quit smoking.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Mental Health

Background:

  • Tobacco use is a leading preventable cause of death globally and a significant risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs).
  • India faces a high prevalence of NCDs, with smoking contributing substantially to this burden.
  • Addressing smoking cessation is critical to mitigating NCDs in India.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess nicotine dependence and mental health status among adult smokers in India.
  • To determine the willingness to quit smoking and identify associated factors.
  • To understand barriers to smoking cessation in the Indian context.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 200 adult current cigarette smokers.
  • Utilized the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9).
  • Assessed nicotine dependence, mental health, willingness to quit, and barriers to cessation.

Main Results:

  • 52.5% exhibited nicotine dependence, and 76% reported depression.
  • 152 (76%) participants were willing to quit smoking.
  • Younger age, depression, and prior quit attempts were significantly associated with willingness to quit.

Conclusions:

  • A substantial number of Indian smokers are willing to quit but face significant barriers like lack of self-control and nicotine dependence.
  • Nicotine dependence and depression are prevalent and associated with smoking.
  • Interventions targeting younger smokers and those with depression, leveraging past quit attempts, may enhance cessation success.