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    This summary is machine-generated.

    White matter bundle segmentation is reliable using lower-resolution, single-shell diffusion MRI (dMRI) data. This enables broader clinical applications and research using existing healthcare and legacy datasets.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroimaging
    • Diffusion MRI
    • White Matter Tractography

    Background:

    • Current in-vivo white matter (WM) bundle derivation relies on high-resolution, multi-shell diffusion MRI (dMRI) acquisitions, limiting clinical applications due to time and cost.
    • Legacy dMRI datasets (single-shelled, lower angular resolution) offer vast potential for broader clinical use and population-level studies but their reliability for WM bundle extraction is unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the test-retest reliability of WM bundle extraction from lower-resolution, single-shell dMRI data.
    • To compare the performance of three orientation distribution function (ODF) reconstruction methods (GQI, CSD, SS3T) for WM bundle segmentation on this data.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a large research dataset with 32-direction, single-shell dMRI scans acquired as two independent runs per subject.
    • Assessed WM bundle extraction reliability using Dice coefficients and within- vs. between-subject comparisons.
    • Evaluated the predictive performance of extracted WM bundle features on cognitive reasoning tasks.

    Main Results:

    • The majority of WM bundles were reliably extracted from 32-direction, single-shell dMRI data across all tested ODF methods.
    • Consistently higher within-subject Dice coefficients indicated preservation of person-specific anatomy.
    • Single-shell three-tissue CSD (SS3T) demonstrated a favorable balance of sensitivity/specificity, high feature reliability, and strong predictive accuracy for cognitive reasoning.

    Conclusions:

    • WM bundle segmentation is robust even with lower angular resolution, single-shell dMRI, making legacy and healthcare data viable for research.
    • ODF reconstruction methods optimized for single-shell data, like SS3T, offer significant advantages.
    • This finding expands the potential of dMRI for widespread clinical applications and large-scale population studies.