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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...
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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules
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Pulmonary cavitary lesions: a captivating visual review.

Andreia Guimarães Nunes1, Márcio Cunha Rodrigues1, Carolina Carneiro1

  • 1Radiology Department, Local Health Unit (ULS) Braga, Braga, Portugal.

Journal of Thoracic Disease
|September 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cavitary lung lesions require careful diagnosis. This review guides clinicians using imaging features to identify causes like infections, cancers, and inflammatory conditions for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Lung lesionscavitarycavitationscomputed tomography (CT)differential diagnosis

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Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition
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Area of Science:

  • Radiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Imaging

Background:

  • Cavitary lung lesions are common but diagnostically challenging.
  • Etiologies include infectious, neoplastic, and inflammatory processes.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for treatment and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a visual guide for evaluating cavitary pulmonary lesions.
  • To highlight key radiological features for differential diagnosis.
  • To improve diagnostic accuracy by integrating imaging with clinical data.

Main Methods:

  • Pictorial review of selected imaging cases.
  • Discussion of characteristic radiological patterns (wall thickness, surrounding changes, air-fluid levels, distribution).
  • Emphasis on integrating imaging with clinical history, labs, and follow-up.

Main Results:

  • Specific imaging patterns aid in distinguishing between tuberculosis, fungal infections, lung cancer, metastases, and autoimmune conditions.
  • Common pitfalls and overlapping appearances are discussed, especially in immunocompromised patients.
  • The value of multidisciplinary collaboration is reinforced.

Conclusions:

  • Radiological evaluation of cavitary lung lesions is essential for accurate diagnosis.
  • Integrating imaging findings with clinical context enhances diagnostic confidence.
  • Improved diagnostic accuracy leads to better patient management and outcomes.