Mechanisms of miRNAs (MicroRNAs) and Their Expression in Gastric Cancer

Gastric cancer is the fourth most prevalent form of cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related fatalities worldwide. It was responsible for approximately 768,000 deaths. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as short non-coding RNAs, undoubtedly play a central and decisive role in various types of cancer due to their interaction with target genes. Since the discovery of the identity and clinical functions of miRNAs in the past few decades, their potential as therapeutic targets in cancer research has been the focus of extensive study. The present study aims to investigate the role of microRNAs in gastric cancer, focusing on their expression, biogenesis, and potential as therapeutic biomarkers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as critical regulators of cell proliferation, signaling pathways, and the cell cycle. Furthermore, they have been identified as markers of metastasis in the stomach, liver, and lymph nodes, as well as indicators of response to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of miRNAs in gastric cancer as biomarkers for cancer prognosis. A number of oncogenic clinical trials are currently underway, exploring the use of miRNAs in screening, diagnosis, and drug testing. However, many systematic molecular mechanisms, including a detailed investigation of miRNAs and their expression in gastric cancer, remain to be elucidated. Consequently, in addition to presenting the updated results of recent preclinical studies, researchers have investigated the biogenesis of miRNAs and their expression in cancer cells. It is hoped that the analysis of molecular interaction effects and the identification of target molecules and signaling pathways for miRNAs will contribute to the prevention and treatment of this disease.