Advanced Therapeutic Interventions Targeting Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Public Health
• Medical Research

Background:

• Tuberculosis infection (TBI), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a persistent global health threat.
• HIV/AIDS, vulnerable populations, and socioeconomic factors exacerbate TBI prevalence.
• The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted TBI diagnosis and treatment, impacting patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review vulnerable populations, high-risk groups, and socioeconomic factors influencing TBI prevalence.
• To explore the intersection of TBI and the COVID-19 pandemic.
• To discuss advances in TBI diagnosis, treatment, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI).

Main Methods:

• Literature review examining TBI prevalence, risk factors, and global impact.
• Analysis of diagnostic advancements, including biomarkers like interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs).
• Evaluation of prophylactic therapies (e.g., isoniazid preventive therapy) and combination treatments for drug-resistant strains.
• Exploration of AI's role in optimizing TBI treatment and personalizing patient care.

Main Results:

• Vulnerability to TBI is influenced by age, socioeconomic status, and immune status.
• High-risk groups include immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, and those in crowded settings.
• Improved biomarkers and prophylactic therapies show potential in reducing active TB risk.
• AI integration offers personalized treatment plans for better TBI management.
• The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted TBI diagnosis and care, with telemedicine emerging as a potential long-term solution.

Conclusions:

• TBI remains a significant global health challenge requiring innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
• Advances in diagnostics, prophylactic therapies, combination treatments, and AI integration hold promise for improved TBI outcomes.
• Addressing socioeconomic factors and healthcare access is crucial for TBI control.