Therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in neurodegenerative diseases

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease, are characterized by the progressive loss of neuronal function and structure, leading to severe morbidity and mortality. Current therapeutic approaches are ineffective at stopping or reversing disease progression. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising candidate in research and treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered ideal candidates for regenerative medicine because of their high proliferation rate and multi-differentiation potential. MSCs can differentiate into neurons and glial cells, modulate immune responses, and reduce inflammation, and their exosomes can promote neural repair and regulate neuronal function; thus, MSCs offer unique advantages for treating neurodegenerative diseases. However, challenges remain in optimizing cell delivery methods, ensuring the long-term survival and integration of transplanted cells, and fully understanding their therapeutic effects. This article primarily outlines the functions of MSCs in neurodegenerative diseases, with the intention that further research will fully harness their potential and translate these findings into clinical applications, offering new hope for patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases.