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Sára Lévay1, Axel Katona1, Hartmut Löwen2

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Light-excited self-propelled particles exhibit boundary clustering at low intensities, regardless of confinement. Higher intensities dissolve clusters, with size influencing dissolution ease, revealing a controllable phase diagram.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics

Background:

  • Collective behavior in self-propelled matter is a key area of research.
  • External stimuli, like light, offer versatile control over particle dynamics.
  • Understanding particle interactions and emergent phenomena is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the collective behavior of light-excited macroscopic self-propelled particles.
  • To analyze the influence of excitation intensity on particle clustering and dynamics.
  • To develop a predictive model for particle phase behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental setup with macroscopic self-propelled particles subjected to controlled light excitation.
  • Varying excitation intensities and observing particle distribution and cluster formation.
  • Analysis of cluster dynamics and construction of a phase diagram.
  • Development of a kinetic model based on adsorption-desorption processes.

Main Results:

  • Persistent boundary clustering observed at low excitation intensities, even with non-trivial confining geometries.
  • Cluster dissolution at high excitation intensities, dependent on cluster size.
  • A comprehensive phase diagram mapping collective behavior against particle number and excitation intensity.
  • A simple kinetic model successfully reproduces the experimentally observed phase space.

Conclusions:

  • Light intensity is a critical parameter for controlling collective behavior in these systems.
  • The interplay between confinement, excitation, and particle number dictates emergent phase behavior.
  • A minimal kinetic model can effectively capture the complex dynamics of self-propelled particle systems.