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Tying Knots in Particle Physics.

Minoru Eto1,2,3, Yu Hamada2,4, Muneto Nitta2,3,5

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Knots appear as stable solitons in a particle physics model, suggesting a "knot dominated era" in the early Universe. This era

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Area of Science:

  • Theoretical Physics
  • Cosmology
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • Knots are fundamental in mathematics and physics.
  • The Standard Model of particle physics describes fundamental particles and forces.
  • Stable solitons are localized wave packets that maintain their shape.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the emergence of knots as stable solitons in a realistic extension of the Standard Model.
  • To explore the cosmological implications of knot solitons in the early Universe.
  • To propose a mechanism for generating matter-antimatter asymmetry from knot collapse.

Main Methods:

  • Developing a realistic extension of the Standard Model incorporating QCD axion and right-handed neutrinos.
  • Analyzing the stability of soliton solutions within this extended model.
  • Investigating quantum tunneling as a mechanism for knot collapse.

Main Results:

  • Knots emerge as stable solitons in the proposed particle physics model.
  • A "knot dominated era" in the early Universe is suggested as a possibility.
  • Gravitational wave observations are proposed as a test for this scenario.
  • Quantum tunneling-induced collapse of knots is proposed to generate matter-antimatter asymmetry.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a theoretical framework for knot solitons in particle physics.
  • The existence of a knot-dominated early Universe is a testable hypothesis.
  • Knot collapse offers a novel mechanism for baryogenesis.