Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Nakhon Ratchasima, Northeastern Thailand

To assess the prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) in Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand, which might lead to the formulation of effective HPV vaccination strategies in the region.

This study analyzed hrHPV DNA test results, liquid-based cytology findings, and available histological data. The data came from women aged 18 to 62 years who underwent cervical cancer screening in six Nakhon Ratchasima districts: Khon Buri, Soeng Sang, Pak Thong Chai, Nong Bun Mak, Wang Nam Khiao, and Mueang Nakhon Ratchasima. The screening occurred between March 2021 and August 2023. We determined the prevalence of hrHPV infection and performed statistical analysis using chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression.

A total of 16,209 hrHPV DNA test results were included in the analysis, revealing an overall hrHPV prevalence of 8.03% (1,301/16,209). The most frequently detected category was other hrHPV types (5.62%), followed by HPV type 16 (1.78%) and type 18 (0.62%). A single case of co-infection involving HPV type 16 and another hrHPV type was identified. A significant association between age and hrHPV infection was found (p<0.001), with the highest prevalence occurring in women aged 30-39 years. Additionally, increasing age was significantly linked to a decline in hrHPV infection rates.

This study identifies age as a significant risk factor for hrHPV infection. To enhance hrHPV surveillance, we recommend using tests that detect specific HPV types, which will enable a more detailed assessment of prevalence. Furthermore, conducting similar prevalence studies across different regions in Thailand will provide essential data to guide future HPV vaccination policies.