Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

1.1K
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
1.1K
Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

580
Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
580
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

1.3K
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
1.3K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists01:14

Antiepileptic Drugs: Glutamate Antagonists

851
Glutamate is a fundamental neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, playing a vital role in neuronal communication and various cognitive processes. Glutamate stands as the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. Its presence is crucial for the communication between neurons, underpinning essential processes such as synaptic transmission, neuronal excitability, and plasticity. These functions are vital for higher-order cognitive processes, including learning and memory. The...
851
Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers

1.1K
Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
1.1K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

586
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
586

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Update review on SUDEP: Risk assessment, background & seizure detection devices.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2024
Same author

Seizure-related complication rate in a residential population with epilepsy and intellectual disability (ECOMRAID-trial).

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2023
Same author

Assessment of Trabecular Bone Score: a 7-year follow-up study in institutionalized adults with refractory epilepsy and intellectual disability.

Seizure·2022
Same author

Bone mineral density and fractures in institutionalised children with epilepsy and intellectual disability.

Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR·2021
Same author

Incidence of clinical fractures: A 7-year follow-up study in institutionalized adults with epilepsy and intellectual disability.

Seizure·2021
Same author

Quantitative ultrasound for monitoring bone status in institutionalized adults with refractory epilepsy and intellectual disability: A 7-year follow-up study.

Seizure·2019

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

3.3K

People with epilepsy and intellectual disability.

C P J A Monté1,2, J B A M Arends3,4, R H C Lazeron3,4,5

  • 1Academic Center for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, the Netherlands. cpja.monte@gmail.com.

Acta Neurologica Belgica
|September 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Epilepsy is common in individuals with intellectual disability (ID), increasing with ID severity. This population faces complex health issues, necessitating advanced treatments beyond standard care.

Keywords:
EpilepsyHealthcareIntellectual disabilitySeizuresTreatment

More Related Videos

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
10:22

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

21.0K
Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes
12:10

Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes

Published on: October 2, 2014

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization
09:57

Author Spotlight: Advancing Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery in Children Through Novel Biomarkers and Enhanced Localization

Published on: September 20, 2024

3.3K
Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy
10:22

Interictal High Frequency Oscillations Detected with Simultaneous Magnetoencephalography and Electroencephalography as Biomarker of Pediatric Epilepsy

Published on: December 6, 2016

21.0K
Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes
12:10

Performing Behavioral Tasks in Subjects with Intracranial Electrodes

Published on: October 2, 2014

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Intellectual Disability Research
  • Epilepsy Management

Background:

  • High prevalence of epilepsy in individuals with intellectual disability (ID), escalating with ID severity.
  • Increased risk of seizure complications, physical impairments, and psychiatric comorbidities in people with epilepsy and ID.
  • Intellectual disability is linked to drug-resistant epilepsy, often requiring polytherapy with associated adverse events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the complex health challenges faced by individuals with epilepsy and ID.
  • To underscore the need for alternative and advanced treatment strategies.
  • To emphasize the multifactorial nature of behavioral disorders and the complexities in care management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on epilepsy in intellectual disability.
  • Analysis of associated comorbidities and treatment challenges.
  • Exploration of alternative therapeutic approaches.

Main Results:

  • Epilepsy prevalence and severity correlate with intellectual disability.
  • Individuals with ID and epilepsy experience significant complications and comorbidities.
  • Drug-resistant epilepsy is common, complicating treatment and increasing polytherapy use.

Conclusions:

  • Care for individuals with epilepsy and ID is complex, leading to social dependency and functional impairment.
  • Alternative treatments like ketogenic diet, neurosurgery, and neuromodulation are crucial for intractable epilepsy.
  • Addressing behavioral disorders, family burden, and care transitions is essential for comprehensive management.