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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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Identifying High-Risk Tuberculosis Cases: Implementation of a Programmatic Screening Tool in Bengaluru.

P K Sreenath Menon1, B N Sharath1, M D Sangeetha1

  • 1Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

International Journal of Mycobacteriology
|September 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary

A simple screening tool identified 20.9% of tuberculosis (TB) patients as high-risk for severe illness (HRSI). Early identification and referral of these high-risk TB patients are crucial for reducing mortality.

Keywords:
High-riskidentifyscreening tooltuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health issue, with 1.3 million deaths in 2020.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic worsened the TB burden, increasing mortality by 11% in India (2019-2020).
  • Early identification of severely ill TB patients is vital to meet WHO targets of 90% and 95% reduction in TB deaths by 2030 and 2035, respectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify adult TB patients at high risk of severe illness (HRSI) using a programmatic screening tool.
  • To assess referral linkages for high-risk TB patients.
  • To evaluate care outcomes within 7 days post-diagnosis in Bengaluru, India.

Main Methods:

  • A 18-month cross-sectional study (August 2022-July 2023) in Bengaluru, India.
  • Screened 263 adult drug-sensitive TB patients using a tool assessing BMI, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation within 7 days of diagnosis.
  • Analyzed patient characteristics and outcomes using descriptive statistics and Chi-square/Fisher's exact tests.

Main Results:

  • 20.9% of TB patients were identified as HRSI.
  • Among high-risk patients, 73.3% accessed inpatient care, with 19.4% mortality compared to 0% for outpatients.
  • Key severity indicators included low BMI (≤14 kg/m2), high respiratory rate (>24/min), low oxygen saturation (<94%), and inability to stand unaided.

Conclusions:

  • Early identification and referral of HRSI TB patients are essential for reducing mortality.
  • A simple screening tool is effective in routine programmatic settings.
  • Targeted interventions and improved healthcare access are needed for high-risk TB patients in India.