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Characterization Of Emissions Generated During Additive Manufacturing Of Polymer Parts By The Fused Deposition Modeling Technique.

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Characterization Of Emissions Generated During Additive Manufacturing Of Polymer Parts By The Fused Deposition Modeling Technique.

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Characterization of emissions generated during additive manufacturing of polymer parts by the fused deposition

François-Xavier Keller¹, Laurence Robert¹, Jennifer Klingler¹

¹Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France.

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

|September 15, 2025

View abstract on PubMed

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

3D printing releases airborne particles and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Local exhaust ventilation significantly reduces these emissions by 95-99%, making it essential for operator safety.

Keywords:

Aerosols VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds)process emissions real-time monitoring ultrafine particles ventilation

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Area of Science:

Occupational Health and Safety
Environmental Science
Materials Science

Background:

Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, presents occupational risks.
Characterizing airborne emissions from 3D printing is crucial for worker safety.
Polymers commonly used in 3D printing may release hazardous substances.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify airborne particle and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from 3D printing.
To assess the efficacy of local exhaust ventilation in mitigating these emissions.
To evaluate emissions from Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA), and PolyEthylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) materials.

Main Methods:

Utilized direct-reading instruments and active tube air sampling for comprehensive emission measurement.
Monitored particle number concentrations and real-time VOC profiles, including styrene.
Recorded and analyzed extraction ventilation parameters on a Zortrax M300 3D printer.

Main Results:

Significant airborne particle concentrations were detected, indicating potential operator exposure.
Total VOC concentrations varied by material: ABS (432.8 µg/m³), ASA (124.1 µg/m³), and PETG (4.7 µg/m³).
Local exhaust ventilation reduced airborne concentrations by 95% to 99%.

Conclusions:

3D printing with polymers generates airborne particles and VOCs, posing occupational risks.
Local exhaust ventilation is a highly effective control measure for reducing 3D printing emissions.
Implementing extraction systems for 3D printers is strongly recommended to protect operators.