Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 5, 2026

Multiscale Sampling of a Heterogeneous Water/Metal Catalyst Interface using Density Functional Theory and Force-Field Molecular Dynamics
Published on: April 12, 2019
PSCF+: An Extended and Improved Open-Source Software Package for Polymer Self-Consistent Field Calculations
1School of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Colorado State University 1378 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1376, United States.
None:
We introduce PSCF+, an extended and improved open-source software package for polymer self-consistent field (SCF) calculations of block copolymer self-assembly. PSCF+ supports various chain models (including the continuous Gaussian chains, discrete Gaussian chains, and freely jointed chains), nonbonded isotropic pair repulsions (including the Dirac δ-function, Gaussian, soft-sphere, and dissipative particle dynamics potentials), and system compressibility (compressible vs incompressible), thus enabling direct comparisons with molecular simulations and field-theoretic simulations based on the same model system without any parameter-fitting. Several recently proposed algorithms are implemented in PSCF+ to greatly reduce the GPU memory usage and speed-up the SCF calculations, including the Richardson-extrapolated pseudospectral methods for solving the modified diffusion equations, the crystallographic discrete cosine transforms taking advantage of the partial symmetry of some ordered phases, and the "slice" algorithm for storing chain propagators. It also avoids redundant calculations and storage of propagators for chain architectures such as bottlebrush block copolymers, and uses an improved iterative scheme for solving SCF equations in athermal solvent conditions. Last but not least, it implements the automated calculation along a path to efficiently calculate free-energy curves and phase boundaries. PSCF+ is freely available and remains under active development, with further extensions planned to broaden its applicability to more complex polymeric systems.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Network Covalent Solids
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Crystallographic Point Groups
Determination of Crystal Structures
Compacting Factor test
The procedure begins by placing concrete into the upper hopper without any compaction. Once filled, the bottom door of this hopper is opened,...

