Bullying and burnout in French obstetrics and gynecology residency programs: a national cross-sectional study

Prior research has demonstrated high burnout rates during medical residency, namely among obstetrics and gynecology (Ob-Gyn) specialists. Concurrently, reports of workplace bullying, particularly in surgical wards, have risen. However, no studies have evaluated these aspects among French Ob-Gyn residents. This study assessed the prevalence and impact of workplace bullying on Ob-Gyn residents, the relationship between bullying and burnout, and the risk and protective factors influencing burnout.

A national, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted involving 37 French Ob-Gyn residency programs during the 2021-2022 academic year. Data were collected via an anonymous online survey using instruments such as the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Sociodemographic data, working conditions, sources/locations of bullying, and incidence of suicidal ideation were also collected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze associations.

Of 625 respondents, 52.4% reported bullying as measured by the NAQ-R. Burnout was present in 18.4%, with notable rates of professional exhaustion (24.3%), depersonalization (34.9%), and diminished personal accomplishment (25.1%). A significative correlation between workplace bullying and burnout was found. Strong social support from superiors emerged as protective against burnout, whereas frequent exposure to bullying, excessive working hours, and high stress levels were identified as major risk factors.

Our study reveals that 52.5% of responding residents reported experiencing workplace bullying, and 18.4% met the criteria for burnout. While these findings are concerning and warrant attention, they reflect the experiences of residents who chose to participate in the survey, and may therefore overrepresent those most affected. Nevertheless, the significant association observed between bullying and burnout highlights the need for institutional strategies to better support residents' well-being and ensure a safe, respectful working environment in obstetrics and gynecology residency programs.