Sustainable supply chain practices of local versus international hotels: multiple case studies in Egypt

This study examines the adoption of sustainable supply chain practices (SSCPs) among three hotel categories: international chain hotels, 5-star local chains, and 4-star local chains located in Egypt. It aims to identify the drivers, barriers, and variations in the implementation of these practices. A qualitative multi-case study methodology was employed, involving in-depth interviews with managers at nine hotels. The study also presents a theoretical framework developed from stakeholder theory that illustrates how stakeholder pressures and organizational capacities drive or hinder the adoption of SSCPs and how these practices contribute to broader sustainability objectives. Significant variations were observed in SSCPs. International chains implement advanced practices such as comprehensive waste management and energy-efficiency programs. 5-star local chains focus on cost-saving initiatives and basic recycling, while 4-star local chains primarily adopt simple waste reduction and local sourcing. Differences in barriers also exist: 4-star local chains face more financial and knowledge limitations, while international chains face additional challenges related to supplier engagement and infrastructure. Hotel owners and managers can enhance sustainability by providing staff training, fostering collaboration with suppliers, and strategically allocating resources. Such activities are crucial for local chains with limited resources. This research fills gaps in the literature by exploring SSCPs in a developing-country context and integrating stakeholder theory to uncover both normative and instrumental drivers of SSCPs. It presents a conceptual framework that links SSCPs with drivers, barriers, and outcomes, providing a practical guide for hotels to enhance their sustainability.