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Quantifying dissipation in flocking dynamics: When tracking internal states matters.

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Self-propelled particles transition from apolar to polar phases with stronger interactions. A new lattice model reveals how internal states influence particle movement and dissipation, impacting flocking behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Soft Matter

Background:

  • Self-propelled particles exhibit emergent flocking transitions.
  • Understanding nonequilibrium phase transitions is crucial.
  • Existing models may not fully capture particle internal dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a thermodynamically consistent lattice model for flocking transitions.
  • To investigate the role of internal particle states on diffusion and dissipation.
  • To analyze the relationship between microscopic and macroscopic dissipation.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a lattice model with internal particle states.
  • Analysis of local detailed balance for state changes and diffusion.
  • Investigation of two interaction regimes (weak and strong).
  • Comparison of partial inference with full model dissipation.

Main Results:

  • A crossover in dissipation regimes was observed based on interaction strength.
  • Partial inference significantly underestimates dissipation for weak interactions.
  • Partial inference accurately captures dissipation for strong interactions.
  • Macroscopic dissipation matches microscopic dissipation upon coarse-graining.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed lattice model successfully captures the flocking transition.
  • Internal particle states play a critical role in nonequilibrium dissipation.
  • A generic mapping exists between active lattice models and reaction-diffusion systems.