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Spontaneous flow in active nematics: Effects induced by annular confinement.

A Aramini1, G Napoli2, S Turzi3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores how active nematic materials flow in curved spaces. Domain curvature and aspect ratio influence spontaneous flow, with annular domains showing unique double-band configurations.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Active nematics exhibit spontaneous flow driven by internal stresses.
  • Confined geometries significantly alter the flow dynamics of active materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate activity-induced laminar flow in active nematics within an annular domain.
  • To analyze the role of domain geometry, specifically curvature and aspect ratio, on flow initiation and configuration.

Main Methods:

  • Formulation of the problem as a nonlinear boundary value problem.
  • Bifurcation analysis of the governing equations to determine critical thresholds.
  • Investigation of flow patterns under varying activity and curvature parameters.

Main Results:

  • The critical threshold for spontaneous flow initiation is dependent on the domain's aspect ratio.
  • Domain curvature reduces the critical threshold and resolves flow indeterminacy seen in planar geometries.
  • Annular domains exhibit a double-band configuration with the lowest activation threshold, transitioning to unidirectional flow with increased activity or curvature.

Conclusions:

  • Domain geometry is crucial in controlling active nematic flow patterns.
  • The findings provide insights into the behavior of active matter in confined, curved environments, relevant to biological systems.