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Related Concept Videos

Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

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When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
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Viscosity of Fluid01:19

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Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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Types of Fluids01:27

Types of Fluids

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Fluids can be classified into Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids based on their response to shear stress. Newtonian fluids have a linear relationship between shear stress and the shear strain rate, following Newton's law of viscosity. Their viscosity remains constant regardless of the shear rate, making their behavior predictable and easier to analyze. Common examples include water, air, oil, and gasoline.
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Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube01:18

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When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Light-induced Patterning and Grafting for Slippery Surfaces based on Silane-coated Nanoporous Structures
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Falling viscoelastic liquid films on a slippery substrate.

Zhiwei Song1, Zijing Ding2

  • 1Harbin Institute of Technology, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin 150001, China.

Physical Review. E
|September 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Wall slip destabilizes Oldroyd-B films, promoting wave growth and speed. Large slippery lengths introduce novel plateau waves and alter flow regimes, impacting wave height dynamics.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Non-Newtonian fluid mechanics
  • Thin film flow

Background:

  • Oldroyd-B fluid model describes viscoelastic fluids.
  • Slippery substrates significantly influence fluid behavior.
  • Understanding thin film dynamics is crucial in various industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop a weighted-residual model for Oldroyd-B films on slippery substrates.
  • Investigate the linear stability and nonlinear dynamics of these films.
  • Analyze the impact of wall slip and slippery length on film behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Weighted-residual modeling approach.
  • Linear stability analysis.
  • Numerical investigation of traveling wave solutions.

Main Results:

  • Wall slip enhances perturbation growth rates and wave propagation speed.
  • Varying slippery length alters traveling wave bifurcation types.
  • Large slippery length transitions flow regimes and can suppress wave height in the drag-inertia regime.
  • Novel plateau-type waves were discovered in Oldroyd-B film flow.

Conclusions:

  • Wall slip has a destabilizing effect on Oldroyd-B films.
  • Slippery length is a critical parameter controlling film dynamics and wave morphology.
  • The study reveals new phenomena, including plateau waves and regime transitions.