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Related Concept Videos

Bioequivalence: Overview01:16

Bioequivalence: Overview

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Pharmaceutical equivalents, by definition, are drug products with the same active ingredient in the same quantities, encapsulated in identical dosage forms, and intended for the same administration routes. These pharmaceutical equivalents are deemed bioequivalent if the bioavailability of the active entity in the drug preparations is similar. Moreover, pharmaceutical equivalents demonstrating bioequivalence are also regarded as therapeutically equivalent. This means that when used as directed,...
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Bioequivalence studies: Biowaivers01:13

Bioequivalence studies: Biowaivers

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Body:In certain scenarios, in vitro dissolution tests can replace in vivo bioequivalence studies. This is particularly true when a drug product, though available in varying strengths, maintains proportional similarity in its active and inactive ingredients. In such cases, the need for in vivo bioequivalence studies for lower strength variants may be waived, provided dissolution tests and in vivo studies on the highest strength yield satisfactory results.Bioequivalence can be indicated through...
229
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement

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Body:Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
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Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:22

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence

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Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...
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Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications01:09

Bioequivalence of Drugs: Drugs with Multiple Indications

151
The concept of therapeutic equivalence (TE) in drugs with multiple indications is complex. A generic drug may be therapeutically equivalent to a brand-name product for one specific indication, but this doesn't necessarily mean it's equivalent for all other indications. Evidence of TE in one patient group and bioequivalence shown in healthy volunteers can support—but not confirm—TE for other indications. However, definitive proof requires individual clinical studies for each...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

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Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
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Related Experiment Video

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Assessing Mineral Availability in Fish Feeds using Complementary Methods Demonstrated with the Example of Zinc in Atlantic Salmon
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Comparing the Bioavailability of Two Seawater-Derived Magnesium Preparations.

Brian K McFarlin1,2, Anyla L Paschall1,2, Molly E Kelly1,2

  • 1Department Kinesiology, Health Promotion, and Recreation, College of Education, Applied Physiology Laboratory, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA.

Journal of Medicinal Food
|September 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Seawater-derived magnesium supplements, both hydroxide and citrate forms, show significantly improved magnesium absorption compared to placebo. Magnesium hydroxide offers a more concentrated dose, potentially requiring smaller intake volumes.

Keywords:
natural magnesiumseawater-derived magnesiumwater-soluble magnesium

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Magnesium deficiency is a global health concern.
  • Conventional magnesium supplements often have low bioavailability, necessitating large doses.
  • Seawater is a rich source of magnesium and trace minerals with potentially higher bioavailability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the bioavailability of magnesium from two seawater-derived sources: magnesium citrate and magnesium hydroxide.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of these supplements in healthy adults.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind, crossover study involving 20 healthy participants.
  • Three trials: placebo, seawater magnesium citrate, and seawater magnesium hydroxide.
  • Assessed magnesium bioavailability using an 18-hour urine magnesium excretion test and serum magnesium levels.

Main Results:

  • Both seawater magnesium citrate and hydroxide significantly increased magnesium absorption compared to placebo (>97% change).
  • No significant difference in bioavailability was observed between the two seawater forms when magnesium doses were standardized.
  • Magnesium hydroxide provides a higher elemental magnesium concentration, allowing for smaller dosage volumes.

Conclusions:

  • Seawater-derived magnesium supplements are effective in enhancing magnesium absorption.
  • Magnesium hydroxide may be a more practical option due to its higher concentration.
  • Further research could explore long-term effects and optimal dosages.