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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Entropy01:18

Entropy

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The first law of thermodynamics is quantitatively formulated via an equation relating the internal energy of a system, the heat exchanged by it, and the work done on it. A quantitative formulation of the second law of thermodynamics leads to defining a state function, the entropy.
When an ideal gas expands isothermally, the disorder in the gas increases. From the molecular perspective, the gas molecules have more volume to move around in.
Consider an infinitesimal step in the expansion, which...
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Entropy02:39

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Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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States of Matter and Phase Changes00:59

States of Matter and Phase Changes

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The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
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Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

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In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
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Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

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The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides

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Entropy-Driven Multiphase Engineering Enables Superior Broadband Infrared Emissivity in High-Entropy Oxides.

Chun Wang1,2, Ge-Ting Sun1,2, Cheng-Yu He1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Energy Storage Materials of Gansu Province, Research Center of Resource Chemistry and Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|September 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel strategy using high-entropy spinel oxides for efficient infrared thermal management. The developed materials exhibit stable, broadband emissivity crucial for industrial and aerospace applications.

Keywords:
bandgap modulationhigh‐entropy oxidesinfrared emissivityphase engineeringradiative thermal management

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Thermodynamics

Background:

  • Efficient infrared (IR) thermal management is critical for industrial and aerospace sectors.
  • Current materials struggle with stable, broadband emissivity at high temperatures (0.78-16 µm).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop advanced materials for stable, broadband IR emissivity.
  • To investigate entropy-driven phase engineering in high-entropy spinel oxides for enhanced thermal management.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic La doping to control phase coexistence in spinel oxides.
  • Multi-scale structural and atomic-level analyses.
  • Characterization of IR emissivity and thermal stability up to 900 °C.

Main Results:

  • Achieved controlled coexistence of three crystalline phases via La doping.
  • Demonstrated synergistic enhancement of broadband IR emissivity (0.91 across 0.78-16 µm).
  • Materials retained high performance after prolonged exposure to 900 °C, with coatings reaching 0.95 emissivity.

Conclusions:

  • Entropy-driven phase engineering offers a pathway to superior IR thermal management materials.
  • The developed multiphase oxides integrate broadband high emissivity, thermal stability, and mechanical robustness.
  • Establishes a framework for next-generation radiative thermal management in extreme environments.