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Predisposing Factors, Control Strategies, and Antiviral Therapy of Mpox Virus as a Potential Zoonotic Agent

Elham Zarenezhad1, Mahrokh Marzi1, Fattma A Ali2

  • 1Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.

Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.)
|September 16, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Mpox virus, a zoonotic agent, has seen a resurgence due to behavioral factors. Combination therapy and drug repositioning show promise for antiviral treatment, requiring global collaboration for control.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Monkeypox (Mpox) virus, a virulent zoonotic agent from the Poxviridae family, has proven difficult to eradicate.
  • Lack of approved vaccines and antiviral agents, coupled with environmental, social, and behavioral factors, contribute to its persistence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess predisposing factors for Mpox infection.
  • To review current control strategies for Mpox.
  • To evaluate antiviral therapy options for Mpox virus.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published data on Mpox.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data from March 2022 to September 2023.
  • Examination of viral immunoregulatory proteins and host genetic factors.

Main Results:

  • The recent Mpox outbreak involved over 91,000 cases and 157 deaths, linked to human behavioral factors.
  • Viral proteins (e.g., vaccinia complement control protein) suppress host immune responses.
  • Host genetic variations (IL1RN, IL12RB2) and interferon-α deficiency increase Mpox severity.

Conclusions:

  • Combination therapy and drug repositioning are promising for effective Mpox antiviral treatment.
  • Enhanced global collaboration is crucial for improved outbreak preparedness and infection control.
Keywords:
Mpox virusantiviral therapycontrol strategiesrisk factorszoonotic diseases

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