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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Frailty Assessment in an Aging Mouse Model
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Redefining Frailty: Planning Care Through the Frailty Trajectory Model.

Laurie Mallery1,2, Nabha Shetty1,2

  • 1Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.

Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|September 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary

The frailty cycle describes how health events cause a stepwise decline in older adults, increasing their vulnerability. Each event leads to a new, higher baseline of frailty and dependency.

Keywords:
care planningdementiafrailtyneurodegenerative diseasepalliative care

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Frailty is a state of increased vulnerability to stressors.
  • Acute health events can precipitate decline in frail individuals.
  • Understanding the frailty cycle is crucial for managing geriatric health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To illustrate the cyclical nature of frailty progression.
  • To define the key components of the frailty cycle.
  • To emphasize the impact of acute events on frailty.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual model presentation.
  • Description of the frailty cycle progression.
  • Visual representation of frailty dynamics.

Main Results:

  • The frailty cycle is initiated by an acute health event or medical intervention in a vulnerable, frail individual.
  • Deterioration occurs in cognition, function, mobility, and/or symptoms despite usual care, leading to incomplete recovery.
  • Each cycle establishes a new, higher baseline of dependency and frailty, increasing vulnerability to future adverse events.

Conclusions:

  • The frailty cycle represents a stepwise decline, not a linear one.
  • Interventions should aim to break or mitigate the cycle.
  • Preventing acute events and optimizing recovery are key to managing frailty.