Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

11.2K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
11.2K
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

48.2K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
48.2K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

12.4K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
12.4K
Nose and Nasal Cavity01:24

Nose and Nasal Cavity

10.6K
The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
10.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Copper-based metal-organic frameworks: applications and prospects in cancer diagnosis and therapy.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

Agmatine induces mitophagy via the PTS-I2R pathway to increase autophagic flux and attenuate sepsis-induced intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis.

Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]·2026
Same author

Symptom experience of patients after total knee arthroplasty in China: a longitudinal qualitative study.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Quantitative Gait Analysis Reveals Distinct Patterns Associated With Pyramidal Involvement in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Brain and behavior·2026
Same author

ZBP1 deficiency ameliorates the motor dysfunction following brachial plexus root avulsion in mice.

Neuroscience letters·2026
Same author

Fear of falling risk after hip surgery in older adults: an updated sex-specific systematic review with GRADE and PAF assessment.

BMC geriatrics·2026
Same journal

Factors Associated With the Rising Trend in Self-Reported Cognitive Disability Among U.S. Adults Aged 18-39 From 2013-2024.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
Same journal

Bi- and Mono-Allelic RFC1 Expansion in a North American Cohort With Idiopathic Axonal Neuropathy.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
Same journal

Characterizing Cutaneous α-Synuclein Deposition and Seeding Activity in Parkinson's Disease Subtypes.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
Same journal

Effects of Add-On Icosapent Ethyl With Standard Treatment on Functional Outcomes and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
Same journal

Baseline Neuroinflammation Stratifies TSPO-PET Response to Disease-Modifying Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
Same journal

A 57-Year-Old Male With Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and MATR3 and NOS3 Mutations.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
08:33

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders

Published on: December 4, 2014

10.1K

Exploring Nasal Structural-Microbial Interactions in Multiple Sclerosis-Associated Olfactory Impairment.

Zidan Gao1, Zhuoma Danzhen2, Yao Li3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China.

Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology
|September 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients show altered nasal bacteria, potentially linked to smell loss and structural changes. Prevotella buccalis may correlate with olfactory dysfunction in MS patients.

Keywords:
UPSITmultiple sclerosisnasal microbiotaolfactory impairmentsuperior turbinate

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
04:00

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests

Published on: September 13, 2024

1.3K
Technique for Intranasal Administration of α-Synuclein Aggregates
04:49

Technique for Intranasal Administration of α-Synuclein Aggregates

Published on: November 8, 2024

1.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders
08:33

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders

Published on: December 4, 2014

10.1K
Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests
04:00

Author Spotlight: Assessing the Olfactory Effects of Airborne Pollutants — Buried Food and Social Odor Tests

Published on: September 13, 2024

1.3K
Technique for Intranasal Administration of α-Synuclein Aggregates
04:49

Technique for Intranasal Administration of α-Synuclein Aggregates

Published on: November 8, 2024

1.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Microbiology
  • Otorhinolaryngology

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) but poorly understood.
  • No prior studies have investigated the nasal mucosal microbiota in MS patients.
  • This study explores links between smell function, nasal microbes, and turbinate volume in MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between olfactory function, nasal microbiota composition, and superior turbinate volume in MS patients.
  • To identify potential microbial biomarkers associated with olfactory impairment in MS.

Main Methods:

  • A single-center observational study involving 42 MS patients and 37 healthy controls (HC).
  • Olfactory function assessed using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT).
  • Deep nasal microbiota profiling and MRI-based superior turbinate volume measurements were performed.

Main Results:

  • MS patients with lower UPSIT scores had reduced Prevotella buccalis abundance.
  • In healthy controls, UPSIT scores correlated positively with superior turbinate volume; this correlation was absent in MS patients.
  • Superior turbinate volume negatively correlated with several bacterial genera (Cupriavidus, Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum, Ideonella, Acinetobacter) in MS patients.

Conclusions:

  • Alterations in nasal microbiota may be associated with olfactory dysfunction and mucosal changes in MS.
  • Prevotella buccalis is a potential microbial correlate of olfactory impairment in MS, though its role requires further investigation.
  • Larger studies are needed to establish causality and explore the diagnostic/therapeutic potential of nasal microbiome features in MS.