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Related Concept Videos

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Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Metabolic Reprogramming of Cancer Cells and Therapeutics Targeting Cancer Metabolism.

Jilsy M J Punnasseril1, Abdul Auwal2, Vinod Gopalan1

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Cancer cells reprogram metabolism for rapid growth, requiring more nutrients and energy. These metabolic shifts are key targets for cancer therapies but can also lead to drug resistance.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cancer cells exhibit distinct metabolic pathways compared to normal cells.
  • Understanding cancer metabolism is crucial for developing targeted therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how cancer cells alter metabolic processes for proliferation and survival.
  • To discuss the therapeutic potential and challenges of targeting cancer metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive literature review on cancer cell metabolic adaptation.

Main Results:

  • Cancer cells increase uptake and utilization of glucose, amino acids, lipids, and nucleotides.
  • Metabolic reprogramming involves alterations in glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, TCA cycle, amino acid transport, lipogenesis, and nucleotide synthesis.
  • Metabolic adaptations support high energy (ATP) demand and rapid cell proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer cell metabolic reprogramming sustains proliferation and survival.
  • Targeting these metabolic pathways offers therapeutic opportunities.
  • Metabolic adaptations can contribute to cancer drug resistance, posing a significant challenge.