Use of a Simple and Low-Cost Thermoelectric Container for Water Treatment via Electrochemical Process

In a global context marked by natural disasters and limited water supply, access to potable water becomes a critical issue for survival. It is essential to adopt effective methods for removing particles and contaminants that threaten public health. This study presents an innovative, low-cost, and accessible alternative for emergency water treatment, based on the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy using a Peltier thermoelectric module, an aluminum container, and a small aluminum foil sheet. Physicochemical analyses were conducted and compared to conventional water treatment methods used in emergency situations, such as boiling, chlorination, and commercial disinfectant products. The Peltier plate demonstrated high efficiency in converting thermal energy into electrical energy, generating sufficient power to promote aluminum oxidation and water reduction reactions. Aluminum was removed through oxidation facilitated by chloride ions, forming Al (OH)₃ and Al (OH)₄ ^-, species that precipitate and are captured in flocs. The partial transfer of thermal energy enhanced the flocculation process, resulting in significant reductions in total coliforms, turbidity, color, phosphorus, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The results suggest that this method is more effective than traditional emergency treatment techniques.