Beliefs, misconceptions, and practices related to epilepsy among adults in Sudan: A large-scale cross-sectional study

This study explored the most prevalent misconceptions about epilepsy among Sudanese individuals, focusing on knowledge, attitude, and practices in Sudan.

A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the safe areas in Sudan due to the war from October 15 to November 30, 2024. A validated questionnaire, adapted from a previous study with cultural modifications, was administered both through face-to-face interviews and online platforms. Data were analyzed using R software, employing descriptive statistics and chi-square tests.

Out of 3525 participants, 98.8% reported having heard of epilepsy. Nonetheless, 56.7% believed it could be caused by genetic factors, 14.1% viewed it as a contagious disease, 37.8% attributed it to witchcraft, and 17.7% considered it a punishment from God. In terms of attitudes, 54.7% believed epilepsy prevents individuals from living a happy life, 17.2% saw it as an obstacle to marriage, 56.9% thought it negatively impacts education, 26.1% viewed it as a barrier to employment, and 74% felt that society discriminates against those with epilepsy. As for practices, 47.6% regarded spiritual healing (ruqya) as effective, while 72.3% recommended consulting a doctor during seizures. Additionally, 49.7% expressed skepticism about the effectiveness of traditional medical treatment for epilepsy.

This study highlights considerable gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to epilepsy in Sudan. While many participants acknowledged genetic causes and endorsed the social inclusion of people with epilepsy (PWE), misconceptions-such as beliefs in contagion and supernatural causes-persist. Moreover, stigma and discrimination continue to pose significant challenges. Focused educational campaigns and public health interventions are essential to correct misconceptions, reduce stigma, and promote accurate, evidence-based awareness of epilepsy across Sudanese communities.

This study among 3525 Sudanese adults assessed the most prevalent misconceptions about epilepsy by measuring their knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to the condition. Slightly more than half believed it could be inherited, about a third linked it to witchcraft, and some saw it as a punishment from God. Many participants also thought epilepsy prevents people from living happily, while others viewed it as an obstacle to marriage, education, and employment, with most recognizing discrimination in society. In terms of practice, almost half trusted spiritual healing, but most advised consulting a doctor, showing the need for education to reduce stigma and improve awareness.