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Related Experiment Videos

Action potentials, afterpotentials, and arrhythmias.

P F Cranefield

    Circulation Research
    |October 1, 1977
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Triggered activity, driven by afterpotentials, explains extrasystoles and tachycardias. This mechanism, distinct from spontaneous or circus movement activity, is crucial for understanding cardiac arrhythmias.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Electrophysiology
    • Cardiac Pathophysiology

    Background:

    • Cardiac arrhythmias like extrasystoles and tachycardias arise from complex electrical activity.
    • Existing models attribute arrhythmias to spontaneous activity or circus movements.
    • A third mechanism, triggered activity, is increasingly recognized.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the mechanism of triggered activity in cardiac arrhythmias.
    • To differentiate triggered activity from spontaneous and circus movement-based arrhythmias.
    • To explore the clinical significance and potential triggers of triggered activity.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of electrophysiological principles governing cardiac rhythm.
    • Analysis of factors influencing triggerable foci, including catecholamines and acetylcholine.

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  • Examination of specific examples like coronary sinus fibers and digitalis toxicity.

    • Main Results:

    • Triggered activity originates from phase 4 depolarization due to afterpotentials.
    • Rhythmic activity of a triggerable focus depends on critical pacing rates or premature impulses.
    • Catecholamines enhance triggering, while acetylcholine can suppress it.

    Conclusions:

    • Triggered activity is a significant cause of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.
    • Coronary sinus fibers serve as a key example of clinically relevant triggered activity.
    • Further research is warranted to identify additional triggered arrhythmias and their therapeutic targets.