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Related Concept Videos

Autonomic Nervous System01:22

Autonomic Nervous System

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a critical component of the peripheral nervous system, primarily responsible for regulating involuntary bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. It functions in tandem with the central nervous system (CNS) to seamlessly coordinate various physiological processes without the need for conscious control.
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The human nervous system is divided into two main parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS contains nerve cells, clusters of nerve cells, and the sensory receptors that are outside the CNS. The PNS has two types of nerve cells: sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent). Sensory cells send signals to the CNS from receptors, and motor cells carry signals from the CNS to organs, muscles, and...
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Nervous System01:21

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The nervous system coordinates body functions through its complex network of nerve cells, enabling sensation and movement. It is divided into two primary parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. The brain acts as the body's control center, processing sensory information and coordinating responses. The spinal cord functions as a major signaling pathway for the brain and the rest of the body.
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Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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The nervous system, responsible for sensing, integrating, and responding to various stimuli, is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The PNS has two functional divisions: the sensory or afferent division and the motor or efferent division.
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The autonomic nervous system: Time for a conceptual reframing?

Alexandru C Barboi1, Vaughan G Macefield2

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Summary

The study proposes replacing "sympathetic" and "parasympathetic" with "cranial visceral" and "spinal visceral" nerves for better clarity. It argues "autonomic" should not denote a separate system, as other nerves also function involuntarily.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Physiology

Background:

  • The historical development of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) concept.
  • Langley's foundational contributions to understanding the ANS.
  • Current terminology limitations in describing nervous system functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the established terms 'sympathetic' and 'parasympathetic' for nervous system functions.
  • To propose more appropriate terminology for visceral nerve pathways.
  • To redefine the scope of the term 'autonomic' within the broader nervous system context.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of autonomic nervous system concepts.
  • Analysis of the limitations of current terminology.
  • Proposal of alternative nomenclature for visceral innervation.

Main Results:

  • The terms 'cranial visceral' and 'spinal visceral' nerves are suggested as more fitting descriptors.
  • Limitations inherent in the 'sympathetic' and 'parasympathetic' classifications are identified.
  • The concept of a distinct 'autonomic' nervous system is challenged.

Conclusions:

  • Adoption of 'cranial visceral' and 'spinal visceral' terminology is recommended for enhanced precision.
  • The term 'autonomic' is proposed to encompass involuntary functions across various nervous system components, not solely a dedicated system.
  • A revised framework for understanding involuntary nervous system control is presented.