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Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

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Percutaneous Femoral Nerve Stimulation for Overactive Bladder: A Case Report.

Navdeep Singh Manhas¹, Standiford Helm²

¹Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA.

Pain Medicine Case Reports

|September 16, 2025

Summary

Femoral nerve stimulation, not originating from the sacral plexus, successfully treated overactive bladder (OAB) in a case study. This challenges existing theories and suggests sympathetic neuromodulation may offer new OAB treatment options.

Area of Science:

Neurology
Urology
Pain Management

Background:

Peripheral nerve stimulation is a known treatment for overactive bladder (OAB).

Keywords:

Overactive bladder case report femoral nerve stimulation mechanism of action peripheral nerve stimulation tibial nerve stimulation

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The proposed mechanism involves retrograde neuromodulation of the parasympathetic system via the sacral plexus.

Current theory suggests only sacral plexus nerves can modulate OAB symptoms.