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Oncolytic virus therapy for glioma: current clinical trials and overcoming key obstacles

Xiaoke Zhang1, Yanfang Li2, Nanxi Liu2

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.

International Immunopharmacology
|September 16, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Oncolytic virus therapy (OVT) shows promise for glioma treatment, improving survival. Challenges include safety, delivery, and immune response for effective glioma therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Virology

Background:

  • Glioma has a poor prognosis, necessitating innovative therapeutic strategies.
  • Oncolytic virus therapy (OVT) is an emerging immunotherapy with potential for treating brain tumors.
  • Clinical trials indicate OVT can improve median overall survival in glioma patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical challenges associated with OVT for glioma.
  • To focus on safety, delivery, immune response modulation, and efficacy of different oncolytic viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trials and scientific literature on OVT for glioma.
  • Analysis of different oncolytic virus types, including herpes simplex virus (HSV), adenoviruses, and polioviruses.
  • Examination of challenges such as viral vector safety, blood-brain barrier penetration, long-term efficacy, and inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Various oncolytic viruses exhibit different efficacies in glioma treatment.
  • HSV-based therapies (e.g., G47Δ) show survival benefits.
  • Polioviruses (e.g., PVSRIPO) are effective in stimulating immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • OVT presents a promising avenue for glioma treatment, with demonstrated survival improvements.
  • Addressing safety, delivery, and immune modulation is critical for optimizing OVT efficacy.
  • Further research is needed to overcome current clinical challenges in OVT for glioma.
Keywords:
clinical trialcombination therapydrug administrationgliomaimmunotherapyoncolytic virus

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