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Molecular afterglow imaging for biomedical applications.

Cheng Xu1, Yan Zhang2, Gaolin Liang3

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Afterglow imaging uses long-lasting luminescence to overcome tissue autofluorescence, enabling sensitive biomedical imaging. This review covers advances in photoafterglow, sonoafterglow, and radioafterglow for diagnostics and therapy.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Molecular Imaging
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Afterglow imaging is an emerging optical modality that utilizes agents emitting long-lasting luminescence post-excitation.
  • This technique effectively eliminates tissue autofluorescence, significantly improving signal-to-background ratios for enhanced imaging sensitivity and deep tissue penetration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in molecular afterglow imaging for diverse biomedical applications.
  • To highlight the materials, mechanisms, and design principles of afterglow imaging probes.
  • To discuss the current and potential applications of afterglow imaging in disease diagnosis, therapy, and diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of afterglow imaging modalities: photoafterglow (light-induced), sonoafterglow (ultrasound-induced), and radioafterglow (ionizing radiation-induced).
  • Discussion of strategies for modulating afterglow material properties (lifetime, intensity, wavelength).
  • Principles for designing activatable afterglow probes with optimal in vivo biophysical characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Afterglow imaging offers high sensitivity and deep tissue penetration by overcoming autofluorescence.
  • Various materials and mechanisms enable afterglow imaging via different stimuli (light, ultrasound, radiation).
  • Strategies exist to tailor afterglow properties and design biomarker-responsive probes.

Conclusions:

  • Afterglow imaging materials show significant promise for disease diagnosis, image-guided therapy, and in vitro diagnostics.
  • The review outlines key strategies for probe design and material property modulation.
  • Challenges remain in the clinical translation of afterglow imaging technologies.