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Mindfulness-based interventions for adults with ADHD: A systematic review and meta-analysis
1Department of Occupational Therapy, Semyung University, Jecheon-si, Republic of Korea.
Medicine
|September 17, 2025
Summary
Mindfulness-based interventions show promise for improving adult ADHD symptoms and daily functioning. However, their impact on emotional well-being and mindfulness skills requires further investigation.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Clinical Psychology
- Behavioral Science
Background:
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood, causing significant impairments.
- Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are explored as non-pharmacological treatments for adult ADHD.
- Existing evidence on MBI efficacy for adult ADHD is inconsistent.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically evaluate the efficacy of MBIs in adults with ADHD.
- To synthesize findings from controlled trials on MBIs for adult ADHD.
- To identify specific domains of improvement or lack thereof.
Main Methods:
- Systematic literature search of MEDLine, CINAHL, and PsycINFO databases up to 2023.
- Inclusion of 10 controlled trials evaluating MBIs as the primary therapeutic modality in adults with ADHD.
- Meta-analysis of outcomes including ADHD symptoms, affect, mindfulness skills, and functional outcomes.
Main Results:
- Significant improvements observed in self-reported and observer-rated ADHD symptoms.
- Significant improvements noted in functional outcomes for adults with ADHD.
- No significant effects found on mindfulness skills, negative affect, or positive affect.
Conclusions:
- MBIs may effectively improve core ADHD symptoms and functioning in adults.
- The impact of MBIs on emotional well-being and mindfulness skills remains inconclusive.
- Further high-quality research is needed to understand long-term effects and mechanisms of MBIs for adult ADHD.
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