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Nitriles (R–CN) can be converted into carboxylic acids (R–COOH) upon treatment with aqueous acids, i.e., upon hydrolysis of nitriles. Under base-catalyzed conditions, carboxylate anions (R–COO−) are formed.
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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

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The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...
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Preparation of Nitriles01:12

Preparation of Nitriles

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One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
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Inverse Hydrocarbon Recognition via Nitro Group-Programmed Soft Porous Crystal for One-Step C3H6 Purification.

Jingmeng Wan1, Jia-Jia Zheng2, Ling Huang1,3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel porous crystal, NTU-99-NO2, for efficient separation of propylene from propane. This material exhibits inverse selectivity, enabling direct production of polymer-grade propylene with enhanced energy efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Propylene (C3H6) and propane (C3H8) separation is energy-intensive.
  • Existing separation methods face significant industrial challenges.
  • Molecular recognition offers a potential solution for selective adsorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a porous material for selective separation of propylene from propane.
  • To develop a strategy based on molecular recognition via hydrogen bonding.
  • To achieve inverse selectivity for efficient C3H6 purification.

Main Methods:

  • Design and synthesis of a flexible porous crystal (NTU-99-NO2) with nitro group receptors.
  • Adsorption experiments at 298 K and 1 bar to determine selectivity.
  • Crystallographic, theoretical, and in situ studies to elucidate adsorption mechanisms.
  • Comparative studies with functionalized analogs (hydroxyl, methyl).

Main Results:

  • NTU-99-NO2 demonstrated a 2-fold higher uptake of C3H8 over C3H6 (inverse selectivity).
  • Propane adsorption induced pore expansion and secondary adsorption via nitro group recognition.
  • Receptor electronegativity was critical for selective adsorption.
  • Direct, one-step production of polymer-grade C3H6 was achieved.

Conclusions:

  • A novel, adaptive porous material (NTU-99-NO2) was successfully designed for selective C3H6/C3H8 separation.
  • The study established a generalizable design strategy for receptor-guided separations in dynamic frameworks.
  • This approach offers a breakthrough in energy-efficient gas separation technology.