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Updated: Jan 17, 2026
An In Vitro Approach to Photodynamic Therapy
Published on: August 17, 2018
Expert consensus-based recommendations on the use of photodynamic therapy in actinic keratosis patients
Vishal A Patel1, Sarah T Arron2, Brian Berman3,4
1Department of Dermatology, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia.
Background:
Current actinic keratosis (AK) treatment guidelines are controversial and incomplete, leaving an unmet need for clearer and more in-depth guidance on the usage of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in AKs.
Objective:
To gain consensus on the use of PDT for AKs using a modified Delphi method.
Methods:
Consensus statements were developed after a literature review of topics surrounding PDT and AKs. Ten panelists voted through electronic questionnaires rating each statement on a three-point Likert-type scale: strongly agree, agree, and disagree. Consensus was established when ≥70% of panelists strongly agreed on the statement. Statements that did not meet the threshold were revised after each round of voting and sent out for the next round of voting. A virtual meeting was held after 2 rounds of voting to discuss outstanding statements.
Results:
Three modified Delphi rounds were completed in total and 1 virtual meeting was held. All 10 experts responded to all rounds of voting. A total of 55 statements established consensus with the ≥70% majority requirement necessary.
Limitations:
Recommendations are based on expert opinions.
Conclusion:
The results from this consensus panel are intended to bridge gaps in the existing guidelines and will continue to evolve.
