Massive obstructive urolithiasis in a bull used for artificial insemination

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Medicine
• Animal Science
• Urology

Background:

• Obstructive urolithiasis is a serious condition in male bovines.
• Artificial insemination bulls require optimal health for reproductive purposes.
• Urinary calculi can cause significant blockages and health complications.

Observation:

• A seven-year-old Jersey bull presented with clinical signs of obstructive urolithiasis.
• Catheterization confirmed the obstruction distal to the sigmoid flexure.
• Urethrotomy was performed to remove calculi, initially restoring urine flow.

Findings:

• Temporary urine flow restoration was observed post-urethrotomy.
• The bull required euthanasia 24 hours later due to persistent issues.
• Post-mortem examination revealed approximately 2 kg of calculi in the urinary bladder and sigmoid flexure urethra.

Implications:

• Urethrotomy at the sigmoid flexure may not be a definitive treatment for severe urolithiasis.
• Penectomy (surgical removal of the penis) might also be insufficient for such extensive calculi.
• This case underscores the challenges in managing and treating obstructive urolithiasis in bulls.