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Infectious bronchitis-virus-like QX strain transmission, pathogenesis, replication, and host miRNA biogenesis pathway

Asad Khan1,2,3, Iftikhar Ali Khan4, Chao Huang1,2

  • 1Laboratory of Experimental Animal Disease Model, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
|September 17, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) QX strain enters chickens via nasal passages and replicates in gastric cells. It disrupts host microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis, enhancing viral spread and pathogenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a contagious ssRNA gammacoronavirus primarily affecting chickens.
  • IBV transmits intranasally, impacting host cell mRNA and viral replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the nasal entry site of the IBV-QX strain.
  • To investigate IBV-QX replication in systemic organs, particularly gastric epithelial cells.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms of IBV-QX entry and tropism, including its effect on miRNA biogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of IBV-QX nasal entry.
  • Analysis of viral replication in respiratory, renal, and gastric tissues.
  • Transfection of gastric cells with IBV-QX to study miRNA biogenesis pathway involvement.

Main Results:

  • The IBV-QX strain enters host cells via spike proteins binding to ACE2 receptors.
  • IBV-QX replicates in gastric epithelial cells, a previously uncharacterized tropism.
  • QX viral proteins were found to influence key miRNA biogenesis proteins (AGO2, Dicer, XPO5, Drosha), disrupting host miRNA production.

Conclusions:

  • The IBV-QX strain exhibits cross-organ tropism, affecting multiple organ systems.
  • Disruption of host miRNA biogenesis by IBV-QX enhances viral replication and systemic spread.
  • Understanding IBV-QX pathogenesis provides insights into viral strategies for immune evasion and host manipulation.
Keywords:
ACE2 receptorIBV-QXRNA-interferenceintranasal route transmissionmiRNA biogenesis pathway

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