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A Sputtered Gig-Lox TiO2 Sponge Integrated with CsPbI3:EuI2 for Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells
C Spampinato1,2, G Calogero1, G Mannino1
1National Research Council-Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (CNR-IMM), Zona IndustrialeStrada VIII no. 5, Catania 95121, Italy.
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and Interfaces
|September 17, 2025
Summary
Researchers developed a novel porous titanium dioxide (TiO2) electron transport layer integrated with perovskite for semitransparent solar cells. This innovative structure enhances charge carrier injection, paving the way for efficient perovskite solar cell applications.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Renewable Energy
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) offer high efficiency but require stable and efficient charge transport layers.
- Semitransparent PSCs (ST-PSCs) are crucial for applications like building-integrated photovoltaics and tandem cells.
- Developing scalable and effective electron transport layers (ETLs) is key to advancing PSC technology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce a novel porous TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL) fabricated using a grazing incidence flux coupled with local oxidation (gig-lox) technique.
- To integrate this ETL with a fully inorganic CsPbI3:EuI2 perovskite for use as a photoactive layer in ST-PSCs.
- To investigate the structural, optical, and charge transport properties of the resulting perovskite/TiO2 composite.
Main Methods:
- Deposition of a porous TiO2 ETL using sputtering with a grazing-incidence Ti flux and localized progressive oxidation.
- Infiltration of CsPbI3:EuI2 perovskite into the porous TiO2 structure, creating a double-layer photoactive material.
- Characterization using spectroscopic ellipsometry and X-ray diffraction to analyze material structure and properties.
- Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy to assess charge carrier dynamics and injection efficiency.
Main Results:
- A solvent-free, scalable, sponge-like porous TiO2 structure with approximately 50% volume porosity was successfully fabricated.
- The integration resulted in a unique double-layer structure: a perovskite-filled sponge capped with pure perovskite.
- The material exhibited semitransparency and reduced PL intensity, indicating efficient charge carrier injection into the porous TiO2.
- Structural and optical analyses confirmed unique properties of the double-layer material.
Conclusions:
- The novel gig-lox TiO2 ETL effectively integrates with inorganic perovskites to form a promising photoactive layer for ST-PSCs.
- The porous structure facilitates efficient perovskite infiltration and enhances charge carrier extraction.
- This approach offers a scalable and potentially cost-effective method for fabricating advanced perovskite solar cells.
