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Multi-ingredient supplementation for combating sarcopenia and polymorbidity.

Joshua P Nederveen1,2, Mats I Nilsson3, Mark A Tarnopolsky3,2

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University.

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
|September 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multi-ingredient supplements combined with resistance training effectively treat sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity. These formulations, particularly those with milk proteins, creatine, and essential micronutrients, show superior muscle growth benefits over single-ingredient options.

Keywords:
agingmulti-ingredientmusclenutritionobesityproteinsarcopeniasarcopenic obesity

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Nutritional Science
  • Skeletal Muscle Physiology
  • Sports Medicine and Supplementation

Background:

  • Skeletal muscle pathologies like sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity present complex challenges in treatment.
  • Nutraceuticals play a growing role in managing age-related muscle decline and associated conditions.
  • Understanding the efficacy of single-ingredient versus multi-ingredient supplements is crucial for optimizing therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on nutraceuticals for sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO).
  • To evaluate the potential of multi-ingredient supplements (MIS) in treating complex skeletal muscle (SkM) pathologies.
  • To compare the effectiveness of single-ingredient versus multi-ingredient protein-based formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on resistance training (RT) and protein supplementation.
  • Analysis of studies investigating single-ingredient supplements (e.g., whey, creatine, vitamin D3, calcium, n-3 PUFAs) and MIS.
  • Evaluation of evidence for SkM anabolism and body composition changes in sarcopenic populations.

Main Results:

  • Meta-analyses confirm synergistic benefits of RT with protein supplementation, with a potential protein ceiling effect.
  • Single-ingredient supplements like whey protein, casein, and creatine monohydrate show proven benefits with RT.
  • RCTs demonstrate the superiority of whey-based MIS over placebo for enhancing SkM growth in various populations, including sarcopenic individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Resistance training (RT) is the primary treatment for sarcopenia, improving muscle mass, strength, and function.
  • Increased protein intake complements RT, enhancing muscle anabolism.
  • Multi-ingredient protein-based supplements show superior efficacy compared to single-ingredient options for sarcopenia and SO management.