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Area of Science:

  • Feminist psychology
  • Sociology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Objectification theory explains how societal objectification of women leads to self-objectification.
  • Self-objectification is linked to negative mental health outcomes, including depression and eating disorders.
  • The relationship between self-objectification and sexuality-related outcomes requires systematic investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review empirical research on the links between self-objectification and sexuality-related outcomes.
  • To identify consistent findings and methodological limitations in the existing literature.
  • To highlight gaps and suggest future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • A PRISMA-guided systematic review of 351 records.
  • Inclusion of 39 articles reporting 47 studies from 10 countries.
  • Clustering of outcomes into nine domains for analysis.

Main Results:

  • Strong evidence links self-objectification to sexual victimization and safety-related anxiety/fear of rape.
  • Inconsistent results were found for sexual dysfunction, satisfaction, behaviors, relationship satisfaction, and attitudes toward sexual violence.
  • Sexual subjectivity and sexual emotional labor were empirically linked but remain understudied.

Conclusions:

  • Methodological limitations, predominantly cross-sectional designs and limited sample diversity, hinder firm conclusions.
  • Future research needs greater methodological rigor, diverse sampling, and examination of mediators and moderators.
  • Advancing the field requires a deeper understanding of how self-objectification impacts sexual well-being across diverse populations.