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Managing Glucose Homeostasis Through the Gut Microbiome.
Savanna N Weninger1, Andrew Manley2, Frank A Duca2
1Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
Annual Review of Physiology
|September 17, 2025
Summary
The gut microbiota significantly impacts type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. Manipulating gut bacteria through therapies like probiotics offers promising new treatments for metabolic diseases.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Metabolic Diseases
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in host metabolism and immune function.
- Complex interactions between gut bacteria and the host influence metabolic homeostasis.
- Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota is increasingly linked to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the influence of gut microbiota on T2D development.
- To explore current and novel therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiota for T2D.
- To highlight alternative treatments such as fecal microbiota transplant, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and xenobiotics.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies investigating the gut microbiota and T2D.
- Analysis of the mechanisms underlying gut microbiota's role in metabolic cross talk.
- Evaluation of therapeutic interventions aimed at modulating the gut microbiota.
Main Results:
- Gut microbiota composition and function are significantly altered in individuals with T2D.
- Dietary factors profoundly influence the gut microbiota, impacting metabolic health.
- Emerging therapies targeting the gut microbiota show potential for T2D management.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the gut microbiota's role in T2D etiology is critical for developing effective treatments.
- Targeting the gut microbiota presents a promising frontier for novel T2D therapeutic strategies.
- Further research into microbiota-based interventions could lead to personalized approaches for ameliorating T2D.
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