Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

483
Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
483
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

1.7K
There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...
1.7K
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection01:27

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection

844
Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration...
844
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

518
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
518
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder01:15

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

1.4K
REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
RBD is significantly associated with...
1.4K
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

1.5K
Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Patient Perspectives on Palliative Care in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in the United States.

Pulmonary circulation·2026
Same author

A profile on inhaled treprostinil for pulmonary hypertension.

Expert review of respiratory medicine·2026
Same author

Screening awareness of obstructive sleep apnea in children with down syndrome among primary care and pediatric sub-specialty clinicians by survey questionnaire.

Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung·2026
Same author

Loss of productivity among commercially insured patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in the United States.

Journal of medical economics·2026
Same author

Has the Number of Pediatric Testicular Torsion Cases Abated After the Height of the COVID-19 Pandemic?

Cureus·2026
Same author

Utilization of a Rehabilitation-Based Approach for Functional Movement Disorders: A Single-Center Experience.

Cureus·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

20.5K

Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children With Craniofacial Syndromes.

Ganeshraj Sivaram1, Kahir Jawad2, Karim El-Kersh3

  • 1Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
|September 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in children with craniofacial syndromes (CFS), affecting nearly 70%. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) significantly improves sleep quality in these patients, particularly those with Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS).

Keywords:
Pierre-Robin sequencecraniofacial surgerysleep disorders

More Related Videos

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
08:03

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

259
Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery
06:09

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery

Published on: February 14, 2019

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

20.5K
Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
08:03

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

259
Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery
06:09

Breath Collection from Children for Disease Biomarker Discovery

Published on: February 14, 2019

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a significant concern in children with craniofacial syndromes (CFS).
  • Limited data exists on the prevalence and management of OSA in this specific pediatric population.
  • Craniofacial abnormalities can predispose children to airway obstruction during sleep.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of OSA in children with CFS.
  • To characterize the polysomnographic (PSG) findings in this cohort.
  • To describe the management strategies and outcomes of OSA in children with CFS.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective chart review of patients under 18 with CFS and PSG data at a single tertiary care center.
  • Analysis of medical and surgical history, and PSG parameters including apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and oxygen saturation (SpO2).
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes, focusing on mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) in patients with Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS).

Main Results:

  • 46 children with CFS were included; 69.6% had OSA, with 39.1% severe.
  • OSA prevalence was 93.8% in the 16 patients with Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS).
  • MDO significantly reduced AHI, REM AHI, and EtCO2, while increasing SpO2 and total sleep time in PRS patients.

Conclusions:

  • OSA is more common in children with CFS than previously thought.
  • Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is the primary treatment for OSA in this cohort and yields significant improvements.
  • Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) is the most frequent craniofacial syndrome associated with OSA in children, benefiting greatly from MDO.