Gender-Neutral Bathrooms in Universities: Exploring Benefits and Risks from Student Perspectives

Gender-neutral bathrooms improve the quality of life for transgender and nonbinary (TNB) individuals, particularly in daily contexts such as universities. However, their introduction remains debated, with resistance often rooted in binary gender norms and perceived risks. This study uses semi-structured interviews to explore university students' perspectives (n = 65; 66% identified as LGBTQIA+) on implementing gender-neutral restrooms. Results from reflexive thematic analysis reveal strong support for gender-neutral restrooms across gender identities, with two main thematic areas: benefits and risks. According to participants, the benefits include less minority stress, improved academic well-being for TNB students, a safer space, an affirmative environment, and benefits for everyone. Risks include gender harassment and discomfort, forced outings, and cisgender complaints. Notably, students preferred a fully affirmative model over a separate gender-neutral restroom, as the latter could increase exposure and stigmatization for TNB students. These findings emphasize the need for universities to align with broader societal shifts toward affirmative policy and equity. Most participants advocate gender-neutral restrooms as policies promoting safety, accessibility, and fairness. Universities should actively involve students in policy development to ensure that restroom facilities reflect their needs and experiences.